Digestion: Describe the digestion of a burger Essay

Digestion A burger is broken down mechanically by biting into it. The food in the mouth sets off salivary glands that secrete salivary amylase, which breaks down amylase in the burger. When the food is broken down enough, the tongue shapes the food in a bolus, or a ball. The bolus is pushed back to the pharynx at the back of the throat. The food stimulates the opening of the flap so the good goes down the esophagus, rather than the windpipe. Because of peristalsis, rhythmic waves created by muscles in the throat, the food slides easily down the digestive tract. Salivary amylase continues to break down the starch all the way down the esophagus. When the burger reaches the stomach, the epithelium, or stomach wall, secretes gastric juice which has a very high concentration of hydrochloric acid and breaks up the burger. In the gastric juice is also an enzyme that hydrolyzes proteins called pepsin. This pepsin starts out as the inactive pepsinogen, and is activated by hydrochloric acid in the epithelium. After this, the burger is churned in the stomach and becomes chyme, or vomit. From the stomach, the burger goes through the pyloric sphincter and into the small intestine. In the first 25 cm of the small intestine, the food goes through the duodenum, a place where pancreatic enzymes and bile from the live are stored. Bile, along with the enzyme lipase, breaks down fat while the enzyme nuclease breaks down nucleic acids and various enzymes, such as trypsins and peptidases, break down the proteins. These substances are called by hormones which act based on stimuli received, such as the food in the duodenum. Absorption also occurs in the small intestine because of its large surface area. It has a very large surface area because villi, or finger like projections on the surface, contain microvilli, smaller projections on the surface of the villi. Because of this, the surface area of the small intestine is greatly increased. The large intestine, or colon, has the job of retaining water. It reabsorbs water and nutrients that remain in the lumen. The undigested materials are then excreted in feces, and the digestion of the burger is completed.

Book Banning Essay

Each year, libraries across the United States report hundreds of challenges. The leading causes for contesting a book are sexually explicit content, offensive language and inappropriate subjects for minors [source: American Library Association]. Only a minority of the requests actually make it through to banning the book from its respective library. The Catcher in the Rye. The Scarlet Letter. Huckleberry Finn. Harry Potter. The Diary of Anne Frank. Animal Farm. To Kill a Mockingbird. The Da Vinci Code. The Grapes of Wrath. These literary classics have been vital to the education of many, especially children and adolescents. These great novels both teach important values and educate children about world affairs and classic themes. Unfortunately, each of these novels has been banned at one point in time. Many of these classic stories have been banned because of sexual references, racial slurs, religious intolerance, or supposed witchcraft promotion. Although some may consider these books controversial or inappropriate, many English classes have required us to read these books. Like the teachers that assigned us these books, I believe that even controversial books can ultimately boost, not deter, our educational wealth. I oppose book banning for three main reasons. First, I believe that education should be open to everyone. Everyone should have an opportunity to read any literature of their choosing and form his or her own opinions based on the reading. Micah Issitt lists â€Å"three basic rights covered under the freedom of the press: the right to publish, the right to confidentiality of sources, and the right of citizens to access the products of the press. † My second reason specifically addresses the last right stating that citizens should have access to the press. The government should not restrict books from being published or interfere into personal affairs as this is an infringement of the First Amendment. Finally, I believe that parents should monitor what their own children read, but not have the authority to ban other children from reading these novels. For these reasons, I conclude that the government should play no role in the issue what citizens do and do not read, and that book restriction should remain a solely private matter. At first glance, the debate over banning books appears unimportant. Nevertheless, this debate has divided our nation into those who favor censoring books to protect their impressionable adolescents, and those who argue that education should be open for everybody without interference from the government in restricting the publishing and accessing of these books. Issitt argues that censoring books violates the First Amendment, stating that â€Å"citizens must be free to seek out any media, regardless of content, that they deem appropriate for entertainment, information, or education. Denying the rights of the consumer, in any area, is one of the hallmarks of authoritarianism. † While I do not equate banning books with â€Å"authoritarianism,† we do endorse Issitt’s belief that individual citizens have the right to choose, under their own discretion, what books to read. The First Amendment protects the freedom of expression and speech, and by prohibiting certain messages, the government clearly infringes upon public rights. On the other hand, Healey claims that censorship does not â€Å"repress information that teenagers and children are exposed to,† but merely gives parents the rights to educate their children in the ways they deem appropriate. Though I concede that parents do have the right to monitor what their children read, they do not have the right to remove books from public libraries or monitor what other children in the city read. Healey attempts to persuade readers that â€Å"censorship of books should not be about silencing voices on important topics, but about steering young people toward the best possible literature;† however, she fails to specify what constitutes as â€Å"the best possible literature. † Some of â€Å"the best possible literatures† also happen to cause the most controversy, including Huck Finn, Harry Potter, The Scarlet Letter, and To Kill a Mockingbird. Those who protest against these books have clearly not studied them in depth. For example, the main theme in Huckleberry Finn focuses not on advocating racism, as some suggest, but proving that race does not define a person’s intelligence or capability for compassion. Even Healey admits that â€Å"concerned parents and community members react without taking the time to closely investigate the books they want banned. † While I agree that parents should play an active role in educating their children and as their primary guardians, have the legal right to monitor what their children read, I disagree that this legal right extends to controlling what other children in the neighborhood read as well. Prohibiting children from reading a book will not enhance their moral values. Rather, banning a book more likely will increase curiosity for reading it. I also empathize with parents who ban books with controversial or uncomfortable subjects because they are unsure as to how their children will react or how to explain such topics. A good way to discuss these subjects with children is to read books with various views on the subject so that children can experience multiple points of view before forming their own opinions. Healey herself agrees that such a method â€Å"might help young people better understand the world they live in, the human condition, and issues they face in their culture. † As Healey stated, parents also tend to ban books based on â€Å"moral grounds, although some books have been condemned for their perspectives on civic values and history. † For this very reason, the general public should read these books. Our society, especially our younger children, needs to read these books since fully understanding a topic requires knowledge of both sides. If we choose to disregard even a highly unpopular opinion, we intentionally choose to live in ignorance, only partially educated in a topic we claim to know so well. Without a doubt, if we continue to ban books and ignore what some consider taboo topics, we hinder ourselves and our children from finding ways to solve society’s problems, thus hampering the development of our nation as a whole. Many conservative groups make the argument that the books that have been banned have material that is inappropriate, immoral or contradicting the beliefs they have ingrained in their children and/or their society. Take for consideration the controversial books that tackle difficult, touchy social issues like homosexuality. Books like â€Å"Heather Has Two Mommies,† by Leslea Newman and â€Å"Daddy’s Roommate† by Michael Willhoite (both books written for youth with gay parents) were shot down by conservative groups because they attempted to educate children about homosexuality, an issue parents felt needed to be taught to their respective children by them. While this may seem like a valid argument, really it is just skirting around the actual issue. Book-banning cases usually concern the protection of children and their innocence, but all that is happening is sheltering parents showing an awkward avoidance of their children’s confrontation with uncomfortable matters. It is not only selfish, but also harmful to the overall education of their children. This act of prohibiting books is just the parents’ way of evading of the conversation with their child about these sensitive issues. These two books are issues that Healey brings up in her argument on how groups were upset about the way these books informed their children of homosexuality. Homosexuality and other touchy social issues are part of everyday life, and for a group to attempt to censor this subject from younger society is almost absurd; these issues are not monstrous and the censorship of them not only shows prejudice but lack of respect. Banning books seems to be the most public solution for a private matter- not everyone should have to suffer restrictions because one group feels uncomfortable with the book. That being said, there are often books that contain graphic and often highly inappropriate material; I do consent that these books should be censored at the discretion of the parent, or anyone involved however, no one is forcing books upon others, so we should not be forced to remove them. Other groups would say that it’s also the duty of the government to regulate these books to protect concerned citizens and their families, but I would have to disagree. It’s the exact opposite of the government’s role- our private lives, the books we read, should be regulated and controlled by us. Banning books from public congregations is not what the government was intended to do. Topics that seem socially outlawed in public, let alone published, have been banned because their immoral content may have a negative effect on younger children. In these books, authors doesn’t promote or encourage bad behaviors, they prepare their readers for some of the real world challenges. The child would never be able to learn these things if the book was banned, nor be able to form his or her own opinion about that certain topic. Healey discusses that the book, 33 Snowfish, a â€Å"dark story of three teenage runaways who are victims of various forms of abuse†¦ † by Adam Rapp may be an unsuitable way to educate children on these timely topics. However, having these stories banned all together would just further shelter a child whose parents may not be willing to discuss these issues with them at all. Even though these books center around scary topics, they are educating children on real life matters that they will be exposed to once they venture into the world themselves. Healey goes on to make the point that the books should not be banned as well, since it is a matter of private opinion not one to be made by the public libraries of a community. She suggests that schools should â€Å"inform parents about the kinds of books they offer children† in their libraries and classrooms instead of banning them. With the knowledge that some of these books have to offer, children can learn how not to act and what can be the consequences if they do misbehave. This learning experience could turn around with the help of a parent and pass a positive affect over the child. Clearly, banning books not only hinders a child’s educational development but also leaves them unaware of the true state of the world. Books do not simply impart general information; they heavily influence a child, the future generation. Without regular access to books, both adults and children could not form sound opinions, only narrow-minded ones. Both advocates and opposers of book banning agree that â€Å"books are powerful instruments. † Otherwise, a debate on the subject would neither have arisen nor lasted so long. Because books â€Å"can be used to†¦ inculcate values and transmit ideology, and to stimulate the imagination,† as Healey suggests, any person should remain free to select his or her reading material. This personal issue of selecting reading material has no relation to the government. On the contrary, government action interferes with individual education, a primary American value. Ultimately, children can learn personal responsibility in determining which books to regard and which to discard. In the future, these children will become well-educated adults who can benefit the American society. ————————————————-

Boccaccio’s 4 Moral Stories Essay

â€Å"†¦that just as stupidity can often remove one from a state of happiness and place him in the greatest misery, so, too can intelligence rescue the wise man from the greatest of dangers and restore him to his secure state† (Boccaccio 93-94) so begins the story of Saladin, who from the beginnings of pecuniary humbleness becomes a sultan, but because of his many wars (with Christians and other religions) he is short on money and must borrow from the Jew Melchisedech. This Jew was known to not give loans readily and so Saladin meant to hoodwink the moneylender. To this effect Saladin presented this question: Which religion is the one true path; Christian, Jewish, or Saracen? It is with this question that the story of the three rings is given. The story is told by Melchisedech in order to give Saladin a moral lesson. The story tells of a king who must give his ring to the next heir, as is the kingdom’s tradition. This king however has three obedient sons whom the king has promised the ring to each, in secret. In order so that his promise is kept to each son, the king makes the ring into its likeness twice. Thus, when the king dies and each son claims the throne, they each get their ring to prove their position. However, the rings are made in such similar fashion that no one can tell them apart. So, the sons decide to leave it that way. So too does Saladin leave his question to the Jew unanswered and decides to be frank with the man and come right out and ask for the money. The lesson is that there is no one true religion, and furthermore, as a way of wit, Boccaccio is stating that one cannot fool a Jew. The Monk, The Abbot and the Farm Woman In this story, Boccaccio delivers the narrative through the voice of Dioneo, whose story involves lies in order to save ones own body from mortal punishment, in this case, a monk. The monk, whose youth and vigor are not daunted by fasts or prayers, gives into his carnal pleasure one afternoon with a farm girl. The Abbot happens to be walking by and hears the commotion the two of them are making in the monk’s room. Instead of opening the door upon them then, the Abbot decides to wait. In waiting, the monk comes up with his own scheme. The Abbot soon gets the key to the monks room and upon seeing the young woman there, decides to take advantage of the situation, reciting this idiom to himself, â€Å"†¦a sin that’s hidden is half forgiven† (Boccaccio 98). The monk is reprimanded but tells the Abbot that his sin is shared with the Abbot (this is discovered through the monk explaining about the position of the Abbot and the farm woman’s sexual positions). Thus, unwilling to go to prison himself, the Abbot excuses the monk from prison. The moral lesson in this story is along the same lines as not being the one to throw the first stone; meaning, everyone sins, therefore, is judgment is to be given to anyone; it must be given equally or not at all. In the case of the Abbot and the monk, the punishment for their sins is not given at all. The Story of Balducci and his Son Balducci is a man who has lost wife. In so doing, he has lost his love. She however has left him their two year old son.   Without the great love in his life, Balducci renounces the world and decides to dedicate his remaining years to God, and to do the same for his son. Thus, the two family members are in service of God in a little hut on the top of Mount Asinaio. Miscommunication, or misleading input and sin is the theme of this story. When the son of the story goes into Florence with his father, he only has eyes for women. He has seen nothing so beautiful or charming. He asks his father if he may bring a ‘gosling’ home and feed it (for the father has told the son that the name for women is gosling). The father is refusing the sons request, and realizes that nature is more powerful than intelligence. In this realization the father feels he has lost all of the years of upbringing with his son for nature, or carnal pleasure has won. It is at this point that the narrator interrupts the story and tells of how women, their beauty, company, and decorum are what he chiefly desires. It is these desire that he has measured life by. Thus, the moral of this short piece of fiction is to not judge someone else’s desires by one’s own grief. The father merely wanted to spare his son the grief of knowing the death of your loved one.   Thus, the moral of the story becomes more about personal happiness and how that cannot be judged by anyone. Thus, pleasure is to be had in life and that is what the son is arguing for with his father, he is arguing for the pleasures of life. The Story of Tancredi and Ghismunda Tancredi is the prince of Salerno and it is his story with which the Fourth Day begins. The love of Tancredi’s life is his daughter. The ominous story teller says that Tancredi’s life would have been easier had he not had her, but the story begins this way in order for the reader to judge the qualities of such a life. Tancredi’s daughter is so beloved by him, that she is made to stay by his side for an extended amount of time. Although she has had many suitors, she has not married and is well past the age to have done so. Finally, Tancredi has her marry Duke of Capua. Unfortunately the Duke dies and thus Tancredi’s daughter returns to her father. She quickly realized that her father had no further intentions of giving her away in marriage again and so set about finding a suitable lover. Guiscardo is the valet of the Prince and is the one Ghismunda falls in love with. He returns the Prince’s daughter’s affections.   However, they are soon found out by the Prince. He has Guiscardo imprisoned and beckons his daughter why she would do this; why she would ingratiate herself with someone who is not noble enough to fraternize with. Ghismunda’s defense lies with answering for herself by stating that she is his daughter and will continue to lover Guiscardo even in death. She argues that it is the disposition of the young to want these things; love and desire.   She implores her father’s sense of self in this argument. In essence Ghismunda cannot deny her nature, and her nature is to love in a carnal and spiritual way. Thus, it is not her fault and she further defends herself by saying that she chose Guiscardo over all of the others because of his behavior and his noble nature not his noble birth (of which cannot lay claim to having been born in poor circumstances). She soon kills herself as Guiscardo had been ordered strangled and his heart cut from his body. On her death bed her father comes to her too late and repents for his cruelty, it is in this moment that the moral lesson is learned. The lesson is this: Do not repent too late for your sins, nor should one be cruel toward someone who is merely acting in their nature (in this case Ghismunda acting in her nature to love). Thus, the sin is not carnal pleasure in the story but the misunderstanding or misguided love of a father for his daughter and his negligence of her needs through only seeing to his own needs. Therefore the moral of the story is also selfishness.

Fowler's Stages of Religious Development & Thoughts on Essay

Fowler's Stages of Religious Development & Thoughts on Death--Kubler-Ross' and Lamers' Theories - Essay Example & Jack B., 2005). 3:- Synthetic-Conventional stage - A person has an ideology, consistent clustering of values and beliefs, but he or she has not objectified these for examination and in a sense is unaware of having them. 4:- Individuative-Reflective stage - The person comes out of the influence of the others and tries to hold him or herself authentic and consistent. 5:- Conjunctive Faith stage - Individuals learn to live with their faith and inquires. Dynamic, trusting relationship with God is established. 6:- Universalizing Faith stage - Religious development reaches to completion. Here, person decenters in the valuing process to such an extent that he/she participates in the valuing of the creator and values other beings (Fowler, 1981). As far as I am concerned, I find myself in conjunctive faith stage. My previous concrete boundaries are now becoming porous and permeable. To get to next level I will have to exit out of my current stage of a torn position between possibility and loyalty. Two major steps I can take to get to next level; I should experience a sense of connection with all beings and I should commit to overcome division, oppression and violence. I will have to move beyond self interest and my own religious ideologies in order to bring about love and justice. One of my closest relatives lost her mother. I inquired about her emotional reactions she encountered. She told me, although her mother was suffering from an incurable disease (Parkinsonism) and was on bed for the last ten years, yet she could not had imagined that her mother can be expired. Whenever she tried to realize that her mother was in terminal condition of disease and may die at any time, she could not think more, darkness appeared in front of her eyes and she became extremely upset. One day she received sad news about the death of her mother. She told that at hearing the news of her beloved mother she suffered

Problems with Degu as a result of Incorrect Feeding Coursework

Problems with Degu as a result of Incorrect Feeding - Coursework Example This makes them drink more water and urinate more. If there is too much fat in the food, this causes liver problems in especially female degus who are in fertile age. This results in a drastic increase in weight. Diarrhea is another problem that may occur in degus when they eat too much of something, like a fruit or a vegetable sprayed with chemicals. They will mess around in little bits instead of large droppings. Constipation is caused by incorrect feedings like not taking enough water or dehydration. Overfeeding or unrestricted feeding results in obesity which may also result from diabetes and hepatitis. Hepatitis occurs when degu’s diet contains too much of protein or fat. Degu may also become lethargic and stressful resulting in temperament changes and weakness, a condition called anorexia caused by malnutrition or deficiency of vitamin C. However, excess of vitamin C causes breeding problems like a reproductive failure in male degus. Stress or lack of iron in the diet ma y result in alopecia that causes fur loss. Imbalanced diet for longer periods may also result in degu’s death. To prevent these problems, degu’s diet must be moderated according to the recommended 10 grams of food for a degu per day. Diet should not be high in protein, fat, and sugar. Water should always be available for him. It is important not to breed from degus who have had diabetes in their history. Good exercise levels should be maintained for degus by providing him running wheels and time out of the cage.

Relationship Between Cultural Consumption, Identity And Holidays Essay

Relationship Between Cultural Consumption, Identity And Holidays - Essay Example The research and subsequent analysis of data clearly indicated that choice of holiday destinations depended largely on the cultural trend of the society under consideration. Members of a society made choices in accordance with the human values that were attributed to various destinations and it was further confirmed that human values played a much more decisive role in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies. Thus this study also brings to light the most pertinent fact that a proper analysis of subjective trends in a culture is absolutely imperative if one were to form clear predictive perceptions about how people transfer value to their environment and how they make their consumption choices. The commercial lesson that can be obtained from this study is that these findings must be kept in mind when formulating campaigns to attract tourists from various societies having various biases and any product or service that can be placed favourably with respect to the percep tions of that particular society will quite obviously get a very positive reception from large sections of the society. This report makes the conclusions drawn above apply for a large majority of members in different societies, there will always be individual members in every society who would defy the norms and set out their own agenda. Thus never be surprised if you see a Brazilian skiing down an especially tricky mountain slope in the Alps or hitch hiking along country roads of Cambodia.

The Link Between Productiveness And Motivation Essay

The Link Between Productiveness And Motivation - Essay Example Some things that happen in life come as surprise and bring happiness while some others happen and cause serious distress because their outcome is a loss of an important aspect of life. In case of the issues that happen in the life of a person, how that person responds to it becomes an important way because it enhances his or her participation in the society. In the same way, a person may have various opportunities within his or her capability but the choice to participate in any of them should not be influenced by what other people may have an opinion about it but rather what he or she feels is the best thing to do. This means that a person needs to do something he or she will be passionate so that he will be able to be productive even without motivation from other people. Neil Pasricha presents a talk about The Three A’s of Awesome in which he describes the need for exploration of the opportunities that are available to a person to make life good. In some instances, he uses t he example of the things that happened to his family when his father and mother started living in Toronto in the late 1960s in their mid-twenties and how his sister and he grew to be mature individuals. Pasricha narrates how the early life his sister and he lived was with little care about the things that were otherwise important to his parents and how they perceived the different things that they experienced. He narrates how some of the things in his life shaped his life through triggering a sense of happiness and others triggered a lot of pain in his life. Pasricha faced the effects of the economic meltdown that happened in 2008 and 2009 and he had to suffer other things but later he did the things that he liked the most in his life and it brought a lot of benefit to him. He made a blog site that he observed grow from just a single reader to an award-winning blog that was attracting millions of readers from all over the world.

Media Smart Quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media Smart Quiz - Essay Example Rappers singing about killing cops make individuals think that all rappers want or have killed cops. c. Audiences negotiation their own meaning: Audiences judge media literacy differently. A white male might think that all the aid to Haiti is wasted because he does not have a job in the slow economy. However a Haitian woman living in the United States might think help should have been provided before the earthquake. d. Media constructions have commercial purposes: Media construction can revolve around a product. An example might be a newscast having a sponsor provides coffee mugs with their logos prominently displayed toward the camera. e. Media messages contain values and ideologies: Values and ideologies are contained in every media message depending on the outlet. Examples would be Fox News promotes a prolife agenda, whereas other networks are prochoice. These two messages promote the values and ideologies inherent in American society today. f. Media messages have social and political consequences: The social and political consequences of media messages are seen daily. Social issues like smoking is discouraged in ads from truth.com and political pundits on both sides give their spin on issues daily. Each story or message can influence citizens about social policy or politics. g. Each medium has its own unique aesthetic form/impact: Pictures and other media messages are presented in different mediums. Black and white, color, sepia, still picture, video, and so forth all have unique mediums. A video on a plasma television of a real battle scene would more graphic than the same scene on an old black and white set. However when portraying WWI or WWII, it seems more realistic to view black and white footage. This is how the audience learned this material so black and white is more creditable. The same goes for Vietnam and the Gulf Wars except theses wars are more credible in color. Mass communication grew during the industrial age due to

Discussing the ancient hebrews and AT LEAST one other ancient culture Essay

Discussing the ancient hebrews and AT LEAST one other ancient culture - Essay Example This paper focuses mainly on the creation stories of the Hebrews, and compares it to the creation stories of the Greeks and Egyptians. The creation stories of these cultures are discussed and analyzed from their different historical contexts. The Hebrew culture is one of the major ancient cultures in the world. The early history of the Hebrews is recounted in the Bible in the form of patriarchal legends about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. These are considered the descendants of the Hebrew people. Nonetheless, the 12 sons of Jacob are considered the ancestors of the 12 tribes of Israel (see Genesis 29:31-30:24 and 35:16-18 and Exodus 1:1-7). The Hebrew Bible, which is the Old Testament comprises different Hebrew texts, which were collected and assembled by major Jewish scholars between the seventh to tenth centuries A.D. These were collected from codices and scrolls. Nonetheless, the old testament comprises two major creation stories of the Hebrew people. This is quite normal, as it is n ot a strange thing for one culture to have different accounts of creation stories. The two creation stories of the Hebrews are entirely different, and these are recounted differently. The creation story of the Hebrews is from Genesis 2:4 to 3:24 of the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament. Different extensive analyses of the style and content of the Bible has led to the conviction that the first creation story in the Bible might have been written about the tenth Century B.C. This was around the time of the reign of King Solomon. During this period, the nation of Israel was strong and stable. On the other hand, the creation story of Genesis 1:1 to Genesis 2:3 was written three to four centuries later and under different circumstances2. The author of the creation story of Genesis 2:4 to 3:24 is known to scholars as "J.† There is no clarity whether the same author wrote all the two creation stories or whether it was two different authors, including J and P. Nonetheless, â€Å"Jâ₠¬  is considered the most primitive or rural author of the creation stories of the Hebrews. In addition, the exact characteristic of â€Å"J† is not well known by the Bible scholars. While some think that J might have been a poet, others consider J to have been a priest. It is also thought that J was probably recording his or her people's oral traditions in written form. Therefore, lack of clarity of the author of the Hebrew creation stories is quite a challenge. Similarly, since Hebrews have two different accounts of creation stories, people might find it challenging or confusion to believe both the creation stories. As the stories of creation of the Ancient Hebrews addressed the creation of human beings and the earth, other Ancient cultures too had creation stories, which addressed the origin of various phenomena, including humans and the earth, among others. First, the â€Å"Pericles' Funeral Oration† written by Thucydides can be considered a form of creation story among the Ancient Greek. Although this does not explain the origin of earth or humans, it qualifies as a creation story, as it explains the rebuilding of Athens after a major war with Persia, which had devastated the country, as well as the people therein, including the effects of a major plaque that killed many Athenians. Nonetheless, this is a historical account, which is however important in explaining how Athens got itself back together after a devastating situation. The

IN REPORT FORMAT,EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR Essay

IN REPORT FORMAT,EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ORGANIZATION OF YOUR CHOICE WHICH CAMPAIGNS OR ADVOCATES FOR CHILDREN,YOUNG PEOPLE AND FAMILIES - Essay Example (BBC News, 2007) Butler (2007) reported that NSPCC was able to raise as much as  £250 million through public campaigns since 1999 aside from the fact that the independent charity organization received a total of  £30 million from the government fund during the past four years. Despite the large sum of money gathered to combat child abuse throughout the United Kingdom, the number of children below the age of 15 years old who die from physical abuse and negligence throughout the United Kingdom has increased from 0.4 to 0.9 deaths per 100,000 children (Guardian, 2003; Unicef, 2003). As part of discussing NSPCC’s campaign and advocates for children, young people, and families, the work and involvement of NSPCC in terms of dealing with young people through ‘child line’ and families will be tackled followed by going through its impact over the life of millions of children, young children, and families. Eventually, the effectiveness of NSPCC’s campaigns and advocates for children, young people, and families will be assessed using a brief one-on-one interview with randomly selected children below the age of 18 combined with the public news and reports of NSPCC’s performance. Launched back in 1986 (NSPCC, 2008k), the main purpose of NSPCC campaigners for children is to give courage to children who have been a victim of domestic abuse to speak up against the person who abuses the child physically, verbally and/or emotionally. With the use of ChildLine and NSPCC HelpLine including its online and text message services (NSPCC, 2008b & 2008d), NSPCC advocates can extend their support to children who need advices on issues related to bullying, sexual, emotional or physical abuse, self-harm, and family-related problems among others (NSPCC, 2008g). Eventually, NSPCC will help the callers to find ways to solve their problems. Given the large number of

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay Example for Free

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay Cells that can make a distinction into a variety of cell types are called stem cells and comprise embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells. Since ES cells can turn into a new organism or can differentiate into any tissue type, they are said to be â€Å"totipotent.† Adult stem cells, conversely, as they cannot turn into any type of tissue, are said to be â€Å"pluripotent.† For instance, bone marrow stem cells can turn into red blood cells, T-lymphocytes, or B-lymphocytes, however not muscle or bone cells. Nerve stem cells can as well turn into different types of nerve tissue. Stem cell research attempts to engineer tissues from the bodys stem cells to replace defective, damaged, or aging tissues. In 1998, scientists were capable to grow human ES cells indefinitely. Since then, researchers have performed stem cell experiments on mammals and have had some achievement in repairing spinal chord injuries in mice. Since scientists cannot use federal funds to carry out research on embryos, private corporations, most particularly the Geron Corporation, have funded ES cell research. Geron, awaiting possible ethical concerns, appointed its own ethics advisory board. The Clinton administration sought to loosen the interpretation of the ban on embryo research to permit the government to sponsor research on the use of ES cells once they were available. President G. W. Bush had made the decision to permit use merely of about sixty existing cell lines, and not the production of embryonic cell lines particularly made for the purpose of use for stem cells[1]. The majority of the stem cell procedures proposed to date would employ the ES cells from embryos formed by couples in fertility clinics. In the United States, thousands of embryos are discarded each year as IVF couples cannot use all of their embryos. A couple may make three-hundred embryos in an attempt give birth to one child. One more approach to stem cell research suggests that researchers make embryos for scientific and medical purposes. This approach, recognized as therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), engrosses transferring the nucleus from a cell in a persons body into an enucleated egg[2]. The ES cells from this new embryo would match the tissue in the persons body, therefore avoiding the potential tissue rejection problems that might occur in stem cell therapy. The potential of stem cell research is huge, for the reason that so many diseases result from tissue damage. Stem cell research could bring about advances in treating paralysis, diabetes, heart disease, pancreatitis, Parkinsons disease, liver disease, arthritis, as well as many further conditions. [3] Thus human pluripotent stem cell research is very important as firstly it propose help in understanding the actions that take place during normal human development. The understanding of human cell development could make possible further understandings regarding how abnormalities such as cancer occur. Secondly this research helps us to find out why some cells turn into heart cells whereas other cells turn into blood cells. Although it has been previously recognized that a gene turning on and off is central to cell development, however it is not recognized what makes these gene turn on and offstem cell research will most probably give a possible explanation. In a realistic sense this could make possible further understandings of cell development abnormalities. Thirdly pure samples of specific cell types could be used for testing different chemical compounds so as to develop medicines to treat disease[4]. This would make more efficient the process of medical testing in order that merely medicines that have a helpful effect on cell lines would be tested on animals and humans. And most significantly this research could be very helpful for cell transplantation therapies. Theoretically, stem cells could be grown into replacements for diseased or destroyed cells[5]. This would permit medical science to get to the bottom of diseases of organ failure for instance diabetes as well as neurological disorders for instance Parkinsons disease. The main protest to this promising research has to do with the source of ES cells. ES cells can be acquired from aborted embryos, embryos remaining after infertility treatments (IVF), embryos created only for research by IVF techniques, and from SCNT techniques (that is therapeutic cloning)[6]. To get ES cells, consequently, one have to either create embryos that will be used, manipulated, or destroyed, or one have to get embryos leftover from infertility treatments. However here is where the abortion debate resurfaces, as these techniques would engross treating embryos as mere things or objects and would not give embryos the esteem they deserve, as said by some critics. That is to say that a proper, fair and realistic account of what comes out of the freezer is a 5-day-old ball of about 150 cells, and of that the researchers will want to use about 30. What comes out of the freezer is unquestionably human tissue however it is not human. That ball of cells has no hope at all of becoming a human being without further intervention. One must not confuse the existence of a chance of becoming a human being with actually being human. The tissue can be likened to organs taken from a lately deceased person for transplant. Neither the organ nor the tissue is dead; it is human tissue but it is not human. One may say the same of sperm, for instance, every sperm must be protected that is available for the reason that it might, under circumstances where other things have to happen, become a human. That is practically the same thought. What has to happen there is that the sperm has to meet with an egg to fertilize that egg, which then has to be looked after. What has to happen with a 5-day-old ball of cells in which the egg and sperm have previously met is that it after that has to be implanted in a woman and stay there for nine months. In both cases nothing is going to happen unless other things are brought into play. It is a very strong view that it is not being talked about a human, rather about human tissue that will with the intervention of others, and only with the intervention of others, has the chance of becoming human. A parents right must be supported to demand that any of these untouched fertilized eggs be left untouched for afterward use or not be used for research. Very few, if any, parents who have had the advantage of the IVF program would refuse the chance for spare fertilized eggs to be used. They themselves turned to the wonders of science to give them what apparently nature was otherwise going to deny them, those who through the wonders of science have had what must have been their greatest dream realized would definitely not deny the chance for science to make better things for others. After all, how many fertilized eggs at varying stages of development were used in the IVF programs to get to the point where one could have a successful IVF program? [7] Some supporters of this bill do not deny where one is now with the science. He just wants science to have the opportunity to take him to further and better places. One cannot say that there is no practical application of this now, so not do the research. That is the equal of saying to a child that you are not permitted to swim in the pool until you have learned to swim. How can one possibly refuse to do research on the basis that he does not have the researchers outcomes? One can not get those outcomes until he proceeds with the research. So, again, one must be very much on the side of proceeding with stem cell research. Some of the objections which have their foundation in a religious view held by their proponents. Living by a decent set of values is far more vital than defending the doctrine of one church over another. If you lead a good life and if there is a kingdom of heaven you will be welcome into his or heaven. Your religion is your business and no-one elses. When you make your religion an issue, you drag it into the political domain and you tarnish it. It follows that we attach very little importance or interest to arguments over religious dogma. Similarly, we do not turn to the state to legislate for one religious view over another. Without doubt, we can clearly see the risks of adopting a view that your religion is the right one and the rest of the world must be converted. This point is quite simple: each to his own religion. If you say to one that doing something is against Gods will, then he will respond by assuring you that, if God is annoyed, God will punish whoever has done that thing. The state should never be used as Gods enforcer. Over the years, as we have been approaching 50, we can assure you that we have every confidence in Gods capability to settle accounts. It has not been our experience that he or she usually waits until you are dead. Numerous people who have done the wrong thing have met their maker in a practical sense while they were still alive[8]. In brief, we are talking about fertilized eggs that are in the freezer. They have not the slightest chance of becoming human unless they are accepted by the mother to be carried for 9 months. We are talking about fertilized eggs where that is not the case. The outcome is that they are either going in the bin or going to be used for the betterment of mankind. My other proposition is that we cannot now say whether the science is good or bad. We do not know where the science is going to take us. Science of itself is not fundamentally good or bad; it is what we do with it that will make that case. We have to understand that the benefits of this research may take years to come. That merely makes us say: start more quickly. We simply ask those who, due to their religious beliefs, have a very authentic concern regarding this bill to accept that they are entitled to follow their religious beliefs; they are not entitled to demand by legislation that everybody else does the same. References: Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik. Responsible Conduct of Research; Oxford University Press, 2003 Daniel Callahan. What Price Better Health? Hazards of the Research Imperative; University of California Press, 2003 John Harris. On Cloning; Routledge, 2004 Sandra Braman. Biotechnology and Communication: The Meta-Technologies of Information; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004 Thomas Kemp. â€Å"The Stem Cell Debate: A Veblenian Perspective†; Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 38, 2004. [1] Daniel Callahanpg 55 [2] John Harris, pg 90 [3] Daniel Callahan, pg 67-69 [4] Thomas Kemp, pg 6 [5] ibid [6] John Harris, pg 78-79 [7] Sandra Braman, pg 105 [8] Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik, pg 210

Rift Deepens as NBA Draws Line on Compensation Essay Example for Free

Rift Deepens as NBA Draws Line on Compensation Essay The N. B. A. is a well established association and is well-known across the globe. Over the past couple months the association has been in contract talks between the players union and the N. B. A. officials. With the basketball season right around the corner, both sides have been able to work out an agreement to get the players back on the court playing the game they love. As Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† model describes how certain areas of the industry could be affected or affecting the entire game, and people throughout the basketball world. The way that I look at this situation and in regards to the N.  B. A. and the players, because of a strong competitive force in the industry, and according to Porter, these forces can be a threat on the entire involvement in basketball. The lockout brings forward a lot of issues between the union and the officials who are always trying to get more money out of the teams, which is where the talks have heated up in the recent weeks due to a dispute over a 50-50 concept of revenue share. In relation to Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces†, the NBA dispute raises a great deal of negotiation in regards to these â€Å"Five Forces†, and how the economy is affected. With the cancelling of the first two weeks of the basketball season, players and fans are constantly finding ways to either spend their money in other markets, or from a player’s standpoint, find a different league to play in during this lockout. Therefore, according to Porter, the closeness of substitutes is creating conflict within the entire industry. Whether the NBA lockout is settled sooner than later, the game may lose a tremendous amount of fans because they may have settled for an interest in a different area of entertainment. Several players including top stars are seeking interest overseas in leagues in countries such as Italy, France, and Spain, and if negotiations continue we could see a lot more players seeking playing time against strong competition. Even though I wouldn’t consider this a risk but I feel that the NBA should feel a little heat because if disputes continue and an agreement isn’t settled, European leagues could become a substitute, as well as a threat. The third force on the list is the bargaining power of buyers. This concept does relate to the article and the overall scheme of things because the fans are a huge part of the NBA and create a tremendous amount of revenue within the game. Even though it’s difficult for fans to directly change the price of certain products, the NBA may have to look at keeping the customer happy, therefore a change in price of memorabilia, or ticket price could pose as a threat to the NBA, and the longer the lockout, the more power the fans could embark on. Thus, the same being said for Porters force in regards to the Bargaining Power of Suppliers. The league and the organizations themselves provide several inputs to the industry as a way to generate a fan base, create excitement within the city, therefore with a lockout in deep talk, the power of the supplier doesn’t seem to be as big of a threat as the buyer, but could become more and more of a threat as the lockout extends over a longer period of time. There are a lot of people that provide labor and services within the NBA, therefore if a lockout remains, these people involved in such services could be impacted a lot more than what we may see. With negotiations and offers at a standstill, the NBA could be in a lot of trouble in regards to Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† within the industry of entertainment. Even though the fans don’t really have a say in the whole process, but if talks continue the fans will show their depreciation to the sport creating a loss in profit and overall excitement towards the game. As the talks continue, there are several threats that will remain intact, and create conflict for the NBA as they try to remain calm but seek for a settlement that seems fair. These talks are in millions of dollars, and with both sides not seeming to be willing enough to give up any compensation for their efforts, the lockout could be a long one and the NBA may be in a significant amount of trouble with competitors overseas, the bargaining power of both buyers and suppliers. Since the intensity of the rivalry is so strong between these established firms, some fans will remain loyal to their teams, but others may look for options. Overall, the NBA, in regards to Porters’ â€Å"Five Forces,† could be in trouble if this dispute is not settled and the longer it continues the more threats that could be factored in to the whole process. The players union is trying to remain strong, and the officials are trying to seek more and more money out of the teams. But with smaller market teams this doesn’t seem necessary because how is a smaller market team going to be able to hold on to the fan base, where the revenue is generated, and in return have to give up even more of a financial hit. The whole idea and looking at the â€Å"Five Forces,† Porter should be in talks with the NBA and they should look at the entire picture rather than just worrying about the money involved. This dispute creates a lot of attention, where in a world of financial power, you get the sense that maybe there should be a stronger focus on the â€Å"Game† rather than the financial component. In my opinion and after looking at it from a strategic point of view, I feel that Stern and all his officials are being extremely greedy. There is more to sports than money, when both sides realize the amount of people being affected in the whole process and the threats continuing to impose on the game, then they will understand the stupidity in the lockout and get back to the game the love.

Data warehouse and data mining

Data warehouse and data mining Abstract Data mining and data warehouse is one of an important issue in a corporate world today. The biggest challenge in a world that is full of information is searching through it to find connections and data that were not previously known. Dramatic advance in data development make the role of data mining and data warehouse become important in order to improve business operation in organization. The scenarios of important data mining and data warehouse in organization are seen in the process of accumulating and integrating of vast and growing amounts of data in various format and various databases. This paper is discuss about data warehouse and data mining, the concept of data mining and data warehouse, the tools and techniques of data mining and also the benefits of data mining and data warehouse to the organizations. Keywords: Data, Data Warehouse, Data Mining, Data Mart Introduction Organizations tend to grow and prosper as they gain a better understanding of their environment. Typically, business managers must be able to track daily transactions to evaluate how the business is performing. By tapping into the operational database, management can develop strategies to meet organizational goals. The process that identified the trends and patterns in data are the factors to accomplish that. By the way, the way to handle the operational data in organization is important because the reason for generating, storing and managing data is to create information that becomes the basis for rational decision making. To facilitate the decision-making process, decision support systems (DSSs) were developed whereas it is an arrangement of computerized tools used to assist managerial decision making within a business. Decision support is a methodology that designed to extract information from data and to use such information as a basis for decision making. However, information re quirements have become so complex that is difficult for a DSS to extract all necessary information from the data structures typically found in an operational database. Therefore, a data mining and data warehouse was developed and become a proactive methodology in order to support managerial decision making in organization. Concept of Data Warehouse A data warehouse is a firms repositories that running the process of updating and storing historical business data of organization whereas the process then transform the data into multidimensional data model for efficient querying and analysis. All the data stored are extracts or obtains its data from multiple operational systems in organization with containing the information of relevant activity that occurred in the past in order to support organizational decision making. A data mart, on the other hand, is a subset of a data warehouse. It holds some special information that has been grouped to help business in making better decisions. Data used here are usually derived from data warehouse. The first organized used of such large database started with OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) whereas the focused is analytical processing of organization. The diffrences between a data mart and a data warehouse is only the size and scope of the problem being solved. According to William H.Inmon (2005), a data warehouse is a subject-oriented, integrated, time-varying, and non-volatile collection of data in support of the managements decision-making process. To understand that definition, the components will be explained more detailed; Integrated Provide a unified view of all data elements with a common definition and representation for all business units. Subject-oriented Data are stored with a subject orientation that facilitates multiple views of the data and facilitates decision making. For example, sales may be recorded by product, by division, by manager, or by region. Time-variant Dates are recorded with a historical perspective in mind. Therefore, a time dimension is added to facilitate data analysis and various time comparisons. Nonvolatile Data cannot be changed. Data are added only periodically from historical systems. Once the data are properly stored, no changes are allowed. Therefore, the data environment is relatively static. In summary, the data warehouse is usually a read-only database optimized for data analysis and query processing. Typically, data are extracted from various sources and are then transformed and integrated, in other words, passed through a data filter, before being loaded into the data warehouse. Users access the data warehouse via front-end tools and end-user application software to extract the data in usable form. The Issues That Arise in Data Warehouse Although the centralized and integrated data warehouse can be a very attractive proposition that yields many benefits, managers may be reluctant to embrace this strategy. Creating a data warehouse requires time, money, and considerable managerial effort. Therefore, it is not surprising that many companies begin their foray into warehousing by focusing on more manageable data sets that are targeted to meet the special needs of small groups within the organization. These smaller data warehouse are called data marts. A data mart is a small, single-subject data warehouse subset that provides decision support to a small group of people. Some organizations choose to implement data marts not only because of the lower cost and shorter implementation time, but also because of the current technological advances and inevitable people issues that make data marts attractive. Powerful computers can provide a customized DSS to small groups in ways that might not be possible with a centralized syste m. Also, a companys culture may predispose its employees to resist major changes, but they might quickly embrace relatively minor changes that lead to demonstrably improved decision support. In addition, people at different organizational levels are likely to require data with different summarization, aggregation, and presentation formats. Data marts can serve as a test vehicle for companies exploring the potential benefits of data warehouses. By migrating gradually from data marts to data warehouses, a specific departments decision support needs can be addressed within a reasonable time frame (six month to one year), as compared to the longer time frame usually required to implement a data warehouse (one to three years). Information Technology (IT) departments also benefit from this approach because their personnel have the opportunity to learn the issues and develop the skills required to create a data warehouse. Concept of Data Mining Data mining is the forecasting techniques and analytical tools that extensively used in industries and corporates to ensure the effectiveness in decision making. Data mining is a tools to analyze the data, uncover problems or opportunities hidden in the data relationships, form computer models based on their findings, and then use the models to predict business behavior by requiring minimal end-user intervention. The way it works is through search of valuable information from a huge amount of data that is collected over time and defined the patterns or relationships of information that present by data. In business field, the organization use data mining to predict the customer behaviour in the business environment. The process of data mining started from analyzed the data from different perspectives and summarized it into useful information, which from the information then created knowledge to address any number of business problems. For the example, banks and credit card companies u se knowledge-based analysis to detect fraud, thereby decreasing fraudulent transactions. In fact, data mining has proved to be very helpful in finding practical relationships among data that help define customer buying patterns, improve product development and acceptance, reduce healthcare fraud, analyze stock markets and so on. Data Mining in Historical Perspective Over the last 25 years or so, there has been a gradual evolution from data processing to data mining. In the 1960s business routinely collected data and processed it using database management techniques that allowed an orderly listing and tabulation of the data as well as some query activity. The OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) became routine, data retrieval from stored data bacame faster and more efficient because of the availability of new and better storage devices, and data processing became quicker and more efficient because of advancement in computer technology. Database management advanced rapidly to include highly sophisticated query systems, and became popular not only in business applications but also in scientific inquiries. Approaches of Data Mining in Various Industries With data mining, a retail store may find that certain products are sold more in one channel of distribution than in the others, certain products are sold more in one geographical location than in others, and certain products are sold when a certain event occurs. With data mining, a financial analyst would like to know the characteristics of a successful prospective employee; credit card departments would like to know which potential customers are more likely to pay back the debt and when a credit card is swiped, which transaction is fraudulent and which one is legitimate; direct marketers would like to know which customers purchase which types of products; booksellers like Amazon would like to know which customers purchase which types of books (fiction, detective stories or any other kind) and so on. With this type of information available, decision makers will make better choices. Human resource people will hire the right individuals. Credit departments will target those prospectiv e customers that are less prone to become delinquent or less likely to involve in fraudulent activities. Direct marketers will target those customers that are likely to purchase their products. With the insight gained from data mining, businesses may wish to re-configure their product offering and emphasize specific features of a product. These are not the only uses of data mining. Police use this tool to determine when and where a crime is likely to occur, and what would be the nature of that crime. Organized stock changes detect fraudulent activities with data mining. Pharmaceutical companies mine data to predict the efficacy of compounds as well as to uncover new chemical entities that may be useful for a particular disease. The airline industry uses it to predict which flights are likely to be delayed (well before the flight is scheduled to depart). Weather analyst determine weather patterns with data mining to predict when there will be rain, sunshine, a hurricane, or snow. Bes ide that, nonprofit companies use data mining to predict the likelihood of individuals making a donation for a certain cause. The uses of data mining are far reaching and its benefits may be quite significant. Data Mining Tools and Techniques Data mining is the set of tools that learn the data obtained and then using the useful information for business forecasting. Data mining tools use and analyze the data that exist in databases, data marts, and data warehouse. A data mining tools can be categorized into four categories of tools which are prediction tools, classification tools, clustering analysis tools and association rules discovery. Below are the elobaration of data mining tools: Prediction Tools A prediction tool is a method that derived from traditional statistical forecasting for predicting a value of the variable. Classification Tools The classification tools are attempt to distinguish the differences between classes of objects or actions. Given the example is an advertiser may want to know which aspect of its promotion is most appealing to consumers. Is it a price, quality or reliability of a product? Or maybe it is a special feature that is missing on competitive products. This tools help give such information on all the products, making possible to use the advertising budget in a most effective manner. Clustering Analysis Tools This is very powerful tools for clustering products into groups that naturally fall together which are the groups are identified by the program. Most of the clusters discovered may not be useful in business decision. However, they may find one or two that are extremely important which the ones the company can take advantage of. The most common use is market segmentation which in this process, a company divides the customer base into segments dependent upon characteristics like income, wealth and so on. Each segment is then treated with different marketing approach. Association Rules Discovery This tool discover associations which are like what kinds of books certain groups of people read, what products certain groups of people purchase and so on. Businesses use such information in targeting their markets. For instance, recommends movies based on movies people have watched and rated in the past. There are four general phases in data mining which are data preparation, data analysis and classification, knowledge acquisition and prognosis. Data Preparation In the data preparation phase, the main data sets to be used by the data mining operation are identified and cleaned of any data impurities. Because the data in the data warehouse are already integrated and filtered, the data warehouse usually is the target set for data mining operations. Data Analysis The data anlysis and classification phase studies the data to identify common data characteristics or patterns. During this phase, the data mining tool applies specific algorithm to find: Data groupings, classifications, clusters, or sequences. Data dependencies, links, or relationships. Data patterns, trends, and deviations. Knowledge Acquisition The knowledge-acquisition phase uses the results of the data analysis and classification phase. During the knowledge-acquisition phase, the data mining tool (with possible intervention by the end user) selects the appropriate modeling or knowledge-acquisition algorithms. The most common algorithms used in data mining are based on neural networks, decision trees, rules induction, genetic algorithms, classification and regression trees, memory-based reasoning, and nearest neighbor and data visualization. A data mining tool may use many of these algorithms in any combination to generate a computer model that reflects the behavior of the target data set. Prognosis Although many data mining tools stop at the knowledge-acquisition phase, others continue to the prognosis phase. In that phase, the data mining findings are used to predict future behavior and forecast business outcomes. Examples of data mining findings can be: 65% of customers who did not use a particular credit card in the last six months are 88% likely to cancel that account. 82% of customers who bought a 27-inch or larger TV are 90% likely to buy an entertainment center within the next four weeks. If age < 30 and income < = 25,000 and credit rating 25,000, then the minimum loan term is ten years. The complete set of findings can be represented in a decision tree, a neural net, a forecasting model, or a visual presentation interface that is used to project future events or results. For example, the prognosis phase might project the likely outcome of a new product rollout or a new marketing promotion. The Benefit and Weaknesess of Data Warehouse to Organization Data warehouse is the one of powerful techniques that applies in organization in order to assist managerial decision making within a business. This methodology becomes a crucial asset in modern business enterprise. It is designed to extract information from data and to use such information as a basis for decision making. The organization will get more benefit with application of data warehouse because the features of data warehouse itself is its a central repositories that stores historical information, meaning say that eventhough the data come from differ location and various points in time but all the relevant data are assembled in one location and was organized in efficient manner. Indirectly, it makes a profit to company because it greatly reduces the computing cost. One of the advantage of using data warehouse is it allows the accessible of large volume information whereas the information will be used in problem solving that arise in business organization. All the data that are from multiple sources that located in central repository will be analyze in order to allow them come out with a choice of solutions. However there are also having weaknesses that need to concern as well. The processes of data warehouse actually take a long period of time bacause before all the data can be stored into warehouse, they need to cleaned, extracted and loaded. The process of maintaining the data is one of the problems in data warehouse because it is not easy to handle. The compatibility may be the isssued in order to implement the data warehouse in organization because the new transaction system that tried to implement may not work with the system that already used. Beside that, the user that works with the system must be trained to use the system because without having a proper training may cause a problem. Furthermore, if the data warehouse can be accessed via the internet, the security problem might be the issue. The biggest problem that related with the data warehouse is the costs that must taken into consideration especially for their maintenance. Any organization that is considering using a data w arehouse must decide if the benefits outweigh the costs. Conclusion Successfully supporting managerial decision-making is significantly dependent upon the availability of integrated, high quality information organized and presented in a timely and in simply way to understand. Data mining and data warehouse have emerged to meet this need. The application of data mining and data warehouse will be apart of crucial element in organization in order to assist the managerial running the operation smoothly and at the same time will help them to accomplish the business goal. It is because both of these techniques are the foundation of decision support system. Today data mining and data warehouse are an important tools and more companies will begin using them in the future. REFERENCES Bonifati, A., Cattaneo, F., Ceri, F., Fuggetta, A., and Paraboschi, S., (2001). Designing data marts for data warehouse. ACM Transactions On Software Engineering And Methodology, 10, 452-483. Retrieved February 15, 2010 from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldAbstractOnlyArticle/Pdf/2810110103.pdf Chaplot, P., (2007). An introduction to data warehousing. Retrieved February 14, 2010 from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0291000304.pdf Roiger, R.,J., (2005). Teaching an introductory course in data mining. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from: http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1070000/1067620/p415-roiger.pdf?key1=1067620key2=7107846621coll=ACMdl=ACMCFID=76668031CFTOKEN=26856088 Santos, R., J., and Bernandino, J. Real-time data warehouse loading methodology. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/0291010105.pdf Chowdhury, S., Chan, J.,O., (2007). Data warehousing and data mining: a course in mba and msis program from uses perspective. Data Warehousing And Data Mining. 7. Retrieved February 15, 2010 from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/1640150202.pdf Ranjan, J., Malik, K., (2007). Effective educational process: a data mining approach. The Journal Of Information And Knowledge Management Systems. 37, 502-515. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/Insight/viewPDF.jsp?contentType=ArticleFilename=html/Output/Published/EmeraldFullText Mora, S., L., Trujillo, J., Song, I, Y., (2006). A uml profile for multidimensional modeling in data warehouses. Data Knowledge Engineering. 59, 725-769. Retrieved February 20, 2010 from: http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezaccess.library.uitm.edu.my/science?_ob=MImg_imagekey March, S., T., Hevner, A., R., (2005). Integrated decision support systems: a data warehousing perspective. Retrieved February 21, 2010 from: http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1460000/1451949/p49santos.pdf?key1=1451949key2=1956846621coll=ACMdl=ACMCFID

F. Scott Fitzgerald: Living the American Dream Essay -- American Dream

F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of America’s most famous authors whose works were greatly influenced by his life and his economic crises. Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896, in St. Paul, Minnesota. He was named after his second cousin three times removed on his fathers side: Francis Scott Key, the man who wrote the â€Å"Star- Spangled Banner†. (Bio.com) Mary â€Å"Mollie† McQuillan, Fitzgerald’s mother, was an Irish immigrant with a large inheritance. Then, his father was Edward Fitzgerald, who was a failed wicker, but later was a salesman for Procter and Gamble. (Shmoop Editorial Team) Due to his father’s failure they moved back and forth, for the first decade of his life, between Buffalo and Syracuse in upstate N.Y. His dad lost his job as a salesman when F. Scott Fitzgerald was 12 and they moved back to St. Paul living on the mothers inheritance. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was 13 when he published his first piece of writing for his school’s newspaper in 1909.(Bio.com) After Fitzgerald’s formal education he went on to Princeton University, where he wrote for Princeton Tiger and the Triangle Club.(Shmoop Editorial Team) But, he was put on academic probation for his bad grades, so he dropped out and joined the army.(Bio.com) And even in the army Fitzgerald wrote, he began a novel titled The Romantic Egoist in 1917. Unfortunately, when he sent it to his editor/publisher, Scribners, it was rejected, but Scribners encouraged him to revise it. Then, in 1918 he meets his future wife, Zelda Sayre, in Alabama while he was commissioned there.(Shmoop Editorial Team) This new beauty Fitzgerald found in Alabama is an artist, dancer, and also a writer. Although Zelda liked Fitzgerald she broke off their engagement, a year after they me... ...24 Feb. 2014. . "F. Scott Fitzgerald Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2014. . "F. Scott Fitzgerald." PBS. PBS, Mar. 2007. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. "F. Scott Fitzgerald Quotes." BrainyQuote. Xplore, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . "The Great Gatsby: Reviews and Ratings." IMDb. IMDb.com, 10 May 2013. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. . Shmoop Editorial Team. "F. Scott Fitzgerald Timeline of Important Dates." Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. .

Utopia Essay -- More Philosophy Perfect Society Essays

Utopia The text Utopia was written by Sir Thomas Moore in 1516, just before the outbreak of the Reformation. More’s life flourished through the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which were influential years in the Renaissance, a flowering of art and thought that began in Italy and flooded through Europe and England. Humanists often stressed the dignity of man and the power of reason while remaining deeply committed to Christianity. Their thought and writings helped to break the strict religious orthodoxy that had forced itself through the Middle Ages. Humanists often argued against feudalism as it promoted a society dominated by the rich and unfair on everyone else. Further, they saw feudal society as irrational. Utopia was originally written in Latin, is a text that depicts what is claimed to be an ‘ideal’ human society through the eyes of the narrator Raphael Hythloday. It is also largely based on the voyages of More himself, specifically to the Netherlands. It was one such voyage — a diplomatic mission from England — that More invented his ideas about a Utopian society. However, while More may have visualized the Utopian Islands as a perfect society, it is inarguable that the utilitarian society of Utopia was a criticism of the European world he saw around him. Thus, it is important for the readers to understand and respond to the specific time. There are many ways to view the utopian society; some may view it as the result of rational thought or Humanist beliefs, others as an alternative to feudalism, a statement in favour of communal society, or an effort to promote reform according to Christian values. The book Utopia is composed of two parts – the first written last, and the second written first. The second book is the one in which the utopian society is portrayed and the issues raised closely represents the thinking of humanist Erasmus. The first part of the novel serves as an introduction to the two main fictional characters of the novel – More and Hythloday. It debates reasoning as well as social critique. Hythloday cannot stand the inequalities and injustices on the existing England and Europe and reveals possibilities for reform using his example of a Utopian society. The second part is written through the eyes of Hythloday and his explanation of the Utopian society of More. It serves as an improvement for wher... ...hey do nothing in return but forgive seems highly unfair, and demonstrates an assumption of superiority in the men. Given the gender situation in the sixteenth century under which women were subservient to first their father, then their husband. However, women in Utopia can become priests, and this would have been a shift from More's generation. Even in modern society, the Catholic Church does not allow female priests. This is one example where Utopia implies the ignorance of gender, offering females a chance at equality. Utopia is a depiction of a semi-ideal society and all of the criticism of European society that ideal represents, and it is a explanation on itself and its themes. The book can at times be inconsistent, just as More himself could: a man who preached religious toleration and logically mistreated Protestants, decides to remain a Christian rather than enter the priesthood but ultimately died a willing victim for his faith. Ultimately, Utopia is a book that, like More, attempted to navigate a course through the ideal and the real, between a want to create perfection and the practical understanding that perfection, given the imperfection of mankind, is impossible.

Secondhand Smoke :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

How Secondhand Smoking Affects Us   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As most of you know, smoking is bad for your health, but what some of you might not know is that you don’t actually have to smoke to be harmed by smoking. Lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women, is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking causes approximately 2 percent of lung cancer deaths each year. It causes respiratory disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), middle ear disease, and asthma attacks in children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imagine a room full of young, healthy second-graders with a Joe Camel cigarette in their hand, smoking; that is basically what secondhand smoking is like. It has toxic and carcinogenic effects that are practically the same as smoking a cigarette. Children from birth to 2 years of age are especially vulnerable to secondhand smoke because their lungs are not fully developed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The EPA estimates that secondhand smoking is responsible for between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respitory infections in infants and children under 18 months of age yearly, which result in between 7,500 and 15,000 hospitalizations each year. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are also more likely to have reduced lung function and symptoms like coughing, excess phlegm, and wheezing. Secondhand smoking can lead to a buildup of fluid in the middle ear, the most common cause of hospitalized children for an operation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Asthmatic children are especially at risk. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the number of episodes and severity of symptoms in hundreds of thousands of asthmatic children. Between 200,000 and 1,000,000 asthmatic children have their condition worsened by secondhand smoke.

Facebook vs Twitter Case Study Analysis Essay

Facebook (originally â€Å"The facebook†) is a social networking website launched in February 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg, then 23, while studying psychology at Harvard University. Membership was initially limited to students of Harvard College, but soon the social site was subsequently extended to other Boston universities, the Ivy League and eventually all US universities (Yadav, 2006). It became Facebook. com in August 2005 after the site’s address was obtained for a relatively meager $200,000. By the end of the following year it was also open to high schools. As of September 2006, Facebook was extended beyond educational associations to anybody with a registered email address. They have over 175 million active users worldwide currently and are growing every day. Facebook’s mission statement seems simple: â€Å"Facebook’s mission is to give people the power to share and make the world more open and connected (Reagan, 2009). Twitter still no business model but it has a new mission statement: â€Å"To instantly connect people everywhere to what’s most important to them. †(Evans, 2011). Who is better than who? Or one could say who is going to be the king of the hill? Facebook has tried to purchase Twitter with no success. It is hard to say who will come out on top or who will be the ultimate winner of the social war. There are some key differences between the sites (Lacy, 2009). It’s far easier to find people on Facebook and most of the time you can tell if it’s actually them. Facebook and Twitter are both free sites and are both popular. Facebook and Twitter are both time conversations, but Twitter is a little faster. They both seem to have their good and bad qualities. Twitter has a character restriction and has no popups. Twitter users can also post to their Facebook page. Facebook does not have a character limit. They both can post pictures and videos, but Facebook has more capacity for sharing videos and photos without forcing you to link out to another window (Lacy, 2009). Facebook has a better privacy blocking system, if you can find it with the ever changing improvements. A lot of users are not aware of this option. Facebook allows businesses to advertise and reach more people faster. Facebook makes there revenue off the ads on their site, witch keeps it free for their users. Facebook has games for their users to play as well. These games also generate some of their revenue. Twitter has no games and the only source of revenue is its investors. Facebook is threatened with losing users to a less familiar, social networking website. The major problem that exists is the fact that Twitter has a controlled level of social networking. Facebook does not allow one way interaction options meaning that if I want to follow someone’s posts then they themselves would have to accept my friend request, and Facebook also does not allow someone to track real time information is always adding improvements that the client base does not like. With this happening it may mean that many Facebook members may leave and start using twitter because of some of the restrictions that are placed on the members of Facebook. The first alternative solution is for Facebook to purchase stellar star technology and offer the capability to track real-time information. This solution will help to eliminate Twitter’s current advantage of having the capability to track real-time information. Another alternative solution is to develop a way for one-way relationships to be possible on Facebook, while maintaining its’ security. Many users want to broadcast their status information, but not actually follow all of their status viewers and get somewhat irritated with the flow of game postings that clog up their pages. I know I do to the point that I log off and sometimes go and check out Twitter. In conclusion, there will never be a happy medium here. Technology is constantly evolving and there will probably be another social network that will be created and pose threats to both of these networks. In my opinion, Facebook is more personal, whereas Twitter is more Hollywood. Facebook deals with contacting old friends and family members and Twitter is about following an entertainer. Myspace is simply out of space as there aren’t really too many users out there anymore. LinkedIn is a way to network via business and doesn’t contain the content that any of these sites do, as it wouldn’t be professional. Facebook will definitely be around for a long time, as will Twitter. Most can’t have one without the other, I know I can’t.

Pelican Brief Summary

John Grisham: the Pelican Brief Summary: Two Supreme Court Justices, Rosenberg and Jensen, are murdered. Darby Shaw starts an investigation in different libraries for some days and opens a file about her theory why Rosenberg and Jensen could have been killed. She thinks that Victor Mattiece is responsible for the two deaths because Rosenberg and Jensen prevent him of gaining the oil in South Louisiana and in fact, her theory is completely true. Characters:  ·Darby Shaw: She is a 24- year- old girl from Tulane University, New Orleans and the main Character in the novel.She is a good- looking, very intelligent woman who has graduated with magna cum laude with a degree in biology and planned to graduate magna cum laude with a degree in law and afterwards she wants to defeat chemical companies for polluting the environment. She has an affair with Thomas Callahan, who is her law professor at University. Darby Shaw is the author of the â€Å"Pelican Brief. †  ·Thomas Callahan: H e is a liberal, handsome law professor, 45 years- old and interested in much younger women. Thomas Callahan has good connections to the FBI because of his old friend Gavin Verheek.He is the first person who gets interested in the â€Å"Pelican Brief. †  ·Gavin Verheek: One of Thomas Callahan's best friends from law school, Gavin has dropped out from privacy practise to work as a lawyer for the government. He is special counsel of the FBI- Director F. Denton Voyles. He gets the â€Å"Pelican Brief† from Thomas and passes it on to the other FBI- Agents.  ·Gray Grantham: He is a journalist with the Washington Post. Together with Darby Shaw, Gray is one of the main protagonists in the book. He is a workaholic, loves his job and is of course very interested in politics.He lives alone and becomes the protector and friend of Darby Shaw. In the novel, he is kind of a symbol figure of the honourable, real American  ·Abraham Rosenberg and Glenn Jensen: They are two Supreme Court Justices who are killed by a professional killer called â€Å"Khamel† in the beginning of the story. Their death causes the whole case. Especially Rosenberg is a Supreme Court Justice who is hated by lots of people because of his simple ideology: Government over business, the individual over government, the environment over everything. â€Å"Khamel†: He's a killer who works for Victor Mattiece and is responsible for the deaths of Abraham Rosenberg, Glenn Jensen, Thomas Callahan and Gavin Verheek. He also tries to kill Darby Shaw because of the â€Å"Pelican Brief†  ·The President of the United States: Darby Shaw and Gray Grantham want to prove that the President is involved in the Pelican case and that he has influenced the investigation.  ·Fletcher Coal: He's the Chief of Staff and the assistant of the President. The President appreciates his advice and in fact, he's the one who pulls the rope in the background whenever there is a decision to make. F . Denton Voyles: Director of the FBI  ·Giminski: Director of the CIA  ·Victor Mattiece: A tycoon from Lafayette who has drilled for oil in South Louisiana and has found a large amount of oil in 1779 and quickly has started buying this land. Because Mattiece had money, he is a popular man with the politicians and bureaucrats. Then a lawsuit has ordered them to stop the dredging and drilling. The plaintiff is an environmental organisation called Green Fund that argued that Mattiece would destroy a natural refuge for waterfowl especially for the Louisiana Brown Pelican.After 30 years of contamination by DDT and other pesticides, the Louisiana Brown Pelican would be eliminated then. First Green Fund has lost the trial but then Judge Rosenberg and Jensen kept the injunction in place. Mattiece starts to fight for the right to get the oil with hundreds of lawyers, he know that it will take him a long time to win the trial but that lots of money and the President will help him to win it . He is so sure that the President will help him because he has contributed the President's campaign with four million two hundred thousand dollars, all trough legal channels.Mattiece is not interested if the way to reach his aim is legal or illegal he even pays killers like â€Å"Khamel. † He hides his illegal activities behind an impenetrable maze of limited partnerships and corporate associations. Very expensive law- offices like White;Blazevich, helps him to win the trials.  ·Randy Garcia alias Curtis D. Morgan: He is a source of Gray Grantham who gets killed in the end. However, he is an important character because with his help, Gray is able to verify the â€Å"Pelican Brief. † Summary: In the beginning of the story two Supreme Court Justices, Rosenberg andJensen, are murdered. Darby Shaw starts an investigation in different libraries for some days and opens a file about her theory why Rosenberg and Jensen could have been killed. She thinks that Victor Mattiece is responsible for the two deaths because Rosenberg and Jensen prevent him of gaining the oil in South Louisiana and in fact, her theory is completely true. She calls her dossier, â€Å"Pelican Brief† and show the document to Thomas Callahan. He hands the brief over to his friend Gavin Verheek (he is special council of the FBI Director).That's the way the â€Å"Pelican Brief† goes the round through the FBI, the CIA and of course the White House. The president now has to restructure the Court because of Rosenberg and Jensen's death. That is Victor Mattiece's aim. He knows that the president will chose conservative justices who will vote for his plans of gaining the oil. Mattiece also becomes aware of the â€Å"Pelican Brief† and decides to kill everyone who is involved in it to keep his plans secret. He hires the killer â€Å"Khamel† who also killed the two justices to murder Darby Shaw and Thomas Callahan.One night after they had visited a bar, Callahan is rather drunk, and on the way home, they start quarrelling because Darby does not want him to drive. He insists on driving and she resists on getting into the car with him. That is her luck because when Callahan starts the engine, the car explodes. Darby is brought to the hospital but she is very suspicious because she knows that Thomas was killed and that his murderers follow her. By now, she is on the run. Darby phones Gray Grantham a reporter of the Washington Post about whom Callahan spoke often because he regarded him as a good journalist.She asks him for a list of the people who have contributed the President's campaign three years ago. She tells him that she is the author of the Pelican Brief and that someone is behind her but she does not know who. She hopes to find it out with the help of the list. Gray asks her to meet him but she denies. In the meanwhile, Gray Grantham has another telephone call from a so-called Garcia who tells him that he knows who has murdered Rosenb erg and Jensen and tells him some details, which show him that Darby has told the truth.In the following time, Darby has to change her locations and appearance very often but she cannot get rid of her followers. She calls Gavin Verheek and tells him about Callahan's death and they decide to meet each other at a safe place. He describes his look and she asks him to wear special clothes, so that she will know who he is. A bug records this telephone conversation and it's again Khamel's turn. He shots Verheek and meets Darby as â€Å"Gavin† in order to kill her too. In the last moment, Khamel gets shot himself.Her secret rescuer is a CIA-Agent how Darby learns in the end. She can run away again and decides to ask Gray Grantham for help. She calls him and they meet each other in a hotel in New York. There she tells him everything she knows and they both start looking for Garcia, who is the only one who can verify Darby's dossier so that Gray can write a story about it and nail Vic tor Mattiece. They find out that Garcia's right name is Curtis D. Morgan and he is one of the lawyers of â€Å"White&Blacevich† whose client is Mattiece.Darby and Gray decide to go to Washington to meet Curtis Morgan. There they find out that Garcia is already dead. Probably Mattiece's people murdered him. So they visit Morgan's wife to tell her that her husband has not committed suicide and to ask for her help. She gives them a key to a lockbox in the â€Å"First Columbia Bank. † In the lockbox, they find a video cassette and an envelope with some papers in it which enables them to proof that Darby's theory is correct. Darby and Gray go to the office of the Washington Post where Gray writes his story.After that they drop the bomb and contact Denton Voyles, Mattiece's lawyers and the White House. The White House decides to order an investigation to tell everyone what Mattiece has done and denies any connection between Mattiece and the President. FBI Director Voyles hel ps Darby to leave the country unknown because she feels not safe anymore in the U. S. A. In the end, Mattiece and his people have been indicted, the president's image is badly hurt so that he won't win the re-elections and Darby and Gray are safe at the island of St. Thomas.

Miranda V. Arizona

Court Brief Miranda v. Arizona Citation: Miranda? v. State of Arizona; Westover v. United States; Vignera v. State of New York; State of California v. Stewart, Supreme Court of the United States, 1966. Issue: Whether the government is required to notify the arrested defendants of their Fifth Amendment constitutional rights against self-incrimination before they interrogate the defendants. Relief Sought: Miranda was violated the 5th Amendments right to remain silent and his 6th Amendment right to legal counsel.Arizona ignored both the Escobedo rule that states all evidence obtained from an illegally obtained confession is inadmissible in court and the? Gideon? rule that states that all felony defendants have the right to an attorney while prosecuting Miranda. His confession was illegally obtained and should be thrown out. His conviction was false, and he deserved a new trial. Facts: In March 1963 Ernesto Miranda, 23, was arrested in his home, taken to the police station for being accu sed in a sexual assult case.Once identified by the victim he was taken into an interrogation room where he was to give his confession but Miranda was not told of his rights to counsel prior to questioning. He did though, sign a typed disclaimer that stated he had â€Å"full knowledge of my legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used against me,† and that he had knowingly waived those rights. Two weeks later at a preliminary hearing, Miranda again was denied counsel. At his trial he did have a lawyer, whose objections to the use of Miranda's signed confession as evidence were overruled.Finding (Holding) of the Court: ? This case held that government authorities need to inform individuals of their Fifth Amendment constitutional rights prior to an interrogation following an arrest. Reasoning: The Court held that prosecutors could not use statements from secure interrogation of defendants unless they demonstrated the use of routine defenses. The Court noted that â€Å"the modern practice of in-custody interrogation is psychologically rather than physically oriented† and that â€Å"the blood of the accused is not the only hallmark of an unconstitutional inquisition. The Court specifically outlined the importance of police warnings to suspects, including warnings of the right to remain silent and the right to have an attorney present during interrogations. Dissenting Opinions: Justice Tom Clark argued that the Due Process Clauses of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution would apply to interrogations. There is not enough evidence to demonstrate a need to apply a new rule as the majority finds here. The second dissent written by Justice John Harlan also argues that the Due Process Clauses should apply. J.Harlan further argues that the Fifth Amendment rule against self-incrimination was never intended to forbid any and all pressures against self-incrimination. Justice Byron White argued that there is no historical suppo rt for broadening the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution to include the rights that the majority extends in their decision. The majority is making new law with their holding. Legal Terms: self- incrimination-the? act? of? incriminating? oneself? or? exposing? oneself? to? prosecution, especially? by? giving? evidence? or? testimony Interrogation- to? ask? questions? of? (a? erson),? sometimes? to? seek? answersor? information? that? the? person? questioned? considers? personalor? secret. Implications: Miranda v. Arizona established the importance of informing defendants of their legal rights before they are arrested in order to ensure due process.? The? Miranda vs. Arizona? case was significant because it established that many Americans did/do not know their rights granted to them by the Bill of Rights, especially those pertaining to police investigation and trial, and that when arrested people have the right to be informed of these very significant rights.?The Court decided a conf ession is? involuntary? unless the person is clearly informed of his or her right to remain silent, to have an attorney present during questioning, and have an attorney provided free if he can’t afford one. Miranda didn't have a lawyer present when questioned and wasn't aware this was an option; therefore, his confession was excluded from evidence and the conviction was overturned.?