Calificar para no pagar tarifa o arancel migratorio

Calificar para no pagar tarifa o arancel migratorio Si usted est pasando por un mal momento financiero y desea tramitar una peticià ³n o solicitud con el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) puede que se pregunte si est obligado a pagar la cuota. Y hace bien en preguntarse esa inquietud porque en casos concretos se permite que los migrantes que presentan una aplicacià ³n al USCIS no paguen por los trmites migratorios.   Pero, ¿quià ©n califica y para quà © tipo de peticiones?   Hay que cumplir dos tipos de requerimientos. En primer lugar, pasar por una necesidad econà ³mica que cumpla unas directrices marcadas por la ley y que se explican a continuacià ³n. Y, en segundo lugar, que se trate de una de las peticiones o solicitudes migratorias seà ±aladas ms abajo. Es decir, no se puede solicitar el beneficio de la exencià ³n o no pago para todos tipo de casos.   Quià ©nes pueden solicitar no pagar por un trmite migratorio por dificultades financieras La primera condicià ³n para solicitar no pagar la tarifa migratoria es estar en una de las tres situaciones siguientes: Estar recibiendo un beneficio federal o del estado que es considerado means-tested. Es decir, el gobierno lo da porque los ingresos o los recursos del beneficiado son bajos. Ejemplos de estos beneficios son los programas de: Medicaid, Ayuda a la vivienda, Cupones de alimentos en el programa SNAP, TANF, SSI, etc. Para solicitar no pagar por un trmite migratorio hay que ser el beneficiario de estas ayudas consideradas means-tested  o su cà ³nyuge o hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os que vive con el beneficiario. Adems, se puede solicitar no pagar una tarifa o cuota migratoria si se vive en un hogar familiar con ingresos no superiores al 150 por ciento de la là ­nea de pobreza. Adems, el USCIS brinda un documento donde se puede verificar el monto ya calculado segà ºn el tamaà ±o del hogar familiar y que se puede consultar en el formulario I-912P. Esta es una cantidad que fija un organismo del gobierno federal y varà ­a de aà ±o a aà ±o. Adems, en los estados de Alaska y Hawaii es ms alta que en el resto de Estados Unidos o sus territorios, como el estado libre asociado de Puerto Rico. Finalmente, la otra situacià ³n que permite solicitar la exencià ³n del pago al USCIS es la de estar pasando por una mala situacià ³n econà ³mica. Por ejemplo, debido a quedarse recientemente desempleado, a tener que hacer frente a facturas mà ©dicas, etc. Si un inmigrante se encuentra en una de esas tres situaciones econà ³micas mencionadas, podr solicitar no pagar la tarifa migratoria pero  sà ³lo si quiere aplicar por uno de los beneficios migratorios expresamente mencionados en la lista siguiente. Para quà © trmites se puede solicitar no pagar la cuota I-90, para remplazar la tarjeta de residente permanente.I-131, aplicacià ³n de un Documento de viaje, si se est aplicando por un parole humanitario.I-192, sà ³lo en determinados casos en los que se solicita un Permiso Adelantado para ingresar como no inmigrante.I-290B, que es el formulario para Apelar o para Mocià ³n. Sà ³lo en casos especà ­ficos.I-485, para ajustar el estatus o aplicar para registrar la residencia permanente. Sà ³lo en los casos en los que se solicita basado en uno de los siguientes estatus:​ visa U, para và ­ctimas de violenciavisa T, para và ­ctimas de trfico de personasasilo,  cà ³nyuge, hijo o padre/madre de un ciudadano o residente permanente que ha sufrido violencia que asà ­ se reconoce, por VAWA. Jà ³venes Inmigrantes Especiales,o presencia en EEUU desde 1972 en aplicacià ³n de la tarjeta de residencia por el Registry. I-539, en casos concretos.I-751,para remover el carcter condicional de una green card.I-765, para solicitar una autorizacià ³n de empleo, excepto en los casos de Dreamers que lo solicitan en virtud de la Accià ³n Diferida. Para los Dreamers  no es posible pedir no pagar.I-817, para pedir una extensià ³n de los beneficios de unidad familiar en casos de personas autorizadas a permanecer en EEUU al amparo de IMMACT 90 o LIFE ACT.N-300, declaracià ³n de intencià ³n de convertirse en ciudadano. Este formulario sà ³lo es necesario en algunos estados cuando un residente permanente tiene negocios con el gobierno de dicho estado.N-336, solicitud de audiencia sobre una decisià ³n durante el procedimiento de naturalizacià ³n, si se cumplen unos requisitos.N-400 (solicitud de adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a americana por naturalizacià ³n). Si se est pensando en iniciar esta tramitacià ³n, es conveniente tomar este test para saber si se tienen los conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos necesarios para aprobar el examen.N-470, aplicacià ³n para conservar residencia con la finalidad de naturalizarse en los casos en los que un residente permanente debe abandonar temporalmente los EEUU por razones de trabajo y cumple con todos los requisitos para que el tiempo que vive en el extranjero se le compute como si estuviera residiendo en los Estados Unidos a la hora de computar aà ±os de residencia para la naturalizacià ³n. N-565, para el reemplazo del certificado de naturalizacià ³n.N-600, para la solicitud de un certificado de ciudadanà ­a.N-600K, aplicacià ³n de ciudadanà ­a para un nià ±o que habitualmente reside en el extranjero pero uno de los padres es ciudadano americano.(Caso de naturalizacià ³n por un abuelo). Adems, se puede pedir la exencià ³n en el pago de las cuotas relacionadas con las pruebas biomà ©tricas relacionadas con las aplicaciones mencionadas justo anteriormente. La à ºnica excepcià ³n son las necesarias para la Accià ³n Diferida de los Dreamers, ya que ellos no pueden beneficiarse de esta posibilidad de no pagar.   Si el trmite que se desea realizar con el USCIS no est en ese listado eso quiere decir que  no se puede solicitar no pagar, aunque no se tenga dinero para los trmites. Por ejemplo, no es posible no pagar por las solicitudes para reclamar la green card para un familiar. Siempre hay que pagar la cuota. Cà ³mo se aplica para solicitar no pagar la tarifa migratoria Los inmigrantes que reà ºnen al mismo tiempo estos requisitos: Tener necesidad econà ³mica, segà ºn una de las tres posibilidades arriba mencionadas.Querer enviar al USCIS una peticià ³n o solicitud para la que inmigracià ³n admite la exencià ³n del pago (verificar la lista anterior).Enviar la documentacià ³n necesaria para apoyar la razà ³n por la que se solicita la exencià ³n del pago. Si se cumplen todos esos requerimientos, se puede enviar la aplicacià ³n o solicitud del beneficio migratorio que se pide aà ±adiendo en el mismo sobre el formulario   I-912  y las evidencias necesarias segà ºn la razà ³n por la que se pide estar exonerado de la obligacià ³n de pagar. Adems, incluso es posible solicitar este beneficio mediante una carga en inglà ©s firmada por el interesado. Tambià ©n es necesario aportar documentacià ³n para apoyar el caso. Para las personas interesadas en conocer ms en profundidad, se aconseja leer el artà ­culo  cà ³mo pedir a Inmigracià ³n no pagar la cuota migratoria. Asimismo, recordar que mentir o falsificar la informacià ³n que se brinda al USCIS puede ser causa de un gran problema migratorio de difà ­cil solucià ³n. Antes de caer en la tentacià ³n de afirmar cosas que no son ciertas es muy aconsejable consultar con un abogado y tener muy claras las posibles consecuencias. Y finalmente destacar que si se presenta alguna documentacià ³n en un idioma distinto al inglà ©s debe traducirse. No es necesario utilizar notario ni traductor jurado. Pero la traduccià ³n debe ser verdadera y certificarse  siguiendo un modelo de carta. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

All About Pirates and Their Treasure

All About Pirates and Their Treasure We’ve all seen the movies where one-eyed, peg-leg pirates make off with great wooden chests full of gold, silver, and jewels. But this image isnt really accurate. Pirates only rarely got their hands on treasure like this, but they did still take plunder from their victims. Pirates and their Victims During the so-called Golden Age of piracy, which lasted roughly from 1700 to 1725, hundreds of pirate ships plagued the waters of the world. These pirates, while generally associated with the Caribbean, did not limit their activities to that region. They also struck off the coast of Africa and even made forays into the Pacific and Indian Oceans. They would attack and rob any non-Navy ship that crossed their paths: mostly merchant and slave vessels plying the Atlantic. The plunder the pirates took from these ships mainly were trade goods profitable at the time. Food and Drink Pirates often plundered food and drink from their victims: Alcoholic drinks, in particular, were rarely if ever allowed to continue on their way. Casks of rice and other foodstuffs were taken on board as needed, although the less cruel pirates would leave enough food for their victims to survive. Fishing ships were often robbed when merchants were scarce, and in addition to the fish, pirates would sometimes take tackle and nets. Ship Materials Pirates rarely had access to ports or shipyards where they could repair their vessels. Their ships were often put to hard use, meaning that they were in constant need of new sails, ropes, rigging tackle, anchors, and other things necessary for the day-to-day maintenance of a wooden sailing vessel. They stole candles, thimbles, frying pans, thread, soap, kettles, and other mundane items and would often also plunder wood, masts, or parts of the ship if they needed them. Of course, if their own ship were in really bad shape, the pirates would sometimes simply swap ships with their victims! Trade Goods Most of the loot gained by pirates was trade goods being shipped by merchants. Pirates never knew what they would find on the ships they robbed. Popular trade goods at the time included bolts of cloth, tanned animal skins, spices, sugar, dyes, cocoa, tobacco, cotton, wood, and more. Pirates had to be choosy about what to take, as some items were easier to sell than others. Many pirates had clandestine contacts with merchants willing to purchase such stolen goods for a fraction of their true worth and then resell them for a profit. Pirate-friendly towns such as Port Royal, Jamaica, or Nassau, Bahamas, had many unscrupulous merchants willing to make such deals. Slaves Buying and selling slaves was a very profitable business during the Golden Age of piracy, and slave ships often were raided by pirates. Pirates might keep the slaves to work on the ship or sell them themselves. Often, the pirates would loot the slave ships of food, weapons, rigging, or other valuables and let the merchants keep the slaves, who were not always easy to sell and had to be fed and cared for. Weapons, Tools, and Medicine Weapons were very valuable. They were the tools of the trade for pirates. A pirate ship without cannons and a crew without pistols and swords were ineffective, so it was the rare pirate victim that got away with his weapon stores unplundered. Cannons were moved to the pirate ship and the holds cleared of gunpowder, small arms, and bullets. Tools were as good as gold, whether they be carpenters tools, surgeons knives, or navigational gear (such as maps and astrolabes). Likewise, medicines were often looted: Pirates were often injured or ill, and medicines were hard to come by. When Blackbeard held Charleston, North Carolina, hostage in 1718, he demanded- and received- a chest of medicines in exchange for lifting his blockade. Gold, Silver, and Jewels Of course, just because most of their victims didnt have any gold doesnt mean that the pirates never got any at all. Most ships had a little gold, silver, jewels, or some coins aboard, and the crew and captains were often tortured to get them to reveal the location of any such stash. Sometimes, pirates got lucky: In 1694, Henry Avery and his crew sacked the Ganj-i-Sawai, the treasure ship of the Grand Moghul of India. They captured chests of gold, silver, jewels, and other precious cargo worth a fortune. Pirates with gold or silver tended to spend it quickly when in port. Buried Treasure? Thanks to the popularity of Treasure Island, the most famous novel about pirates, most people think that the bandits went around burying treasure on remote islands. In fact, pirates rarely buried treasure. Captain William Kidd buried his loot, but hes one of the few known to have done so. Considering that most of the pirate treasure to be had was delicate, such as food, sugar, wood, ropes, or cloth, its not surprising that idea is mostly a myth. Sources Cordingly, David. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996 Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Dover Maritime, 60742nd edition, Dover Publications, January 26, 1999. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: The Lyons Press, 2009 Konstam, Angus. The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. New York: Osprey, 2003

Anthropology Essay 3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anthropology 3 - Essay Example Even though, John’s controversial perceptions contrast with the conventional science, he is regarded to be one of the mainly reasoned authors of 2012, with a firm knowledge of the prehistoric Maya. John believes in the worldly, scientific advances of cosmology a consequence of having limited thoughts. He maintains that a superior consciousness circumstances and worldwide comprehension exists. Therefore, it is subconsciously found in the contemporary individuals through a memory that is primeval. Nevertheless, these superior thinking planes were additionally reachable to individuals of the inaccessible history, including the Mayans. John also seeks to point out participants of the minimally comprehended prehistoric Mesoamerican ballgame as endorsing a consecrated performance in which the individuals undertook the responsibility of laudable semi individual divine being and who through a form of considerate magic, upheld the extraterrestrial steadiness of the universe. John also articulated that in order to acknowledge and comprehend his theories of cosmology, an individual should also recognize the foundation that the kings of Maya travelled to locations that were quite distant and incessantly renewed their kingdoms at exceptional durations in the calendar of the Mayans. In addition, John also held up the theory of the star which extrapolates the subsistence of a binary partner of the Earth’s sun founded on the mathematical inconsistencies in an earth quiver like example. John is a beginning member, advisor, and resource of the TMC (The Maya Conservancy). The connection has frequently been internally dependable. Some of the counts referred to as the consecrated tzolkin count of the 206days. The count is still adhered to in the Guatemala highlands. This short count also holds up the connection by Thompson (Kottak, pg49}. On the other hand, the long count was initiated by the Mayans even though; there exists a

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Gifts of the Holy Spirit - Research Paper Example Christians believe in the existence of a single and most powerful superpower. They use the church for worship and education purposes. The church from a Christian point of view is not just the physical building, rather it constitutes the congregation as well as the believe system of the Christians. They are followers of Christ, and therefore do everything according to the teachings of the bible. In order to perform optimally in their activities, Christians are endowed with various gifts. These abilities enable them to perform both general and specialized duties and help each other in different ways. Believably, the gifs come from God and are given by the Holy Spirit to the deserving Christians. It is against this background that this paper provides an in depth analysis of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. It argues that all gifts of the Holy Spirit are for today but some have ceased and are inexistent. To ensure a coherent view, it begins by defining the concept of spiritual gifts. Defining a Spiritual Gift The concept of a spiritual gift is complex and all encompassing. A spiritual gift is akin to spirituals, implying that it belongs to the spirit. In addition to having characteristics of a holy spirit, the gift is controlled by the spirit. Generally, Boice defines it as a special capability given by God which enables Christians to serve the church effectively.1. They are supernatural in nature and Christians need them in order to fulfil different missions in the church environment. They are given graciously by God to any individual He feels can serve the church according to His wishes. From these considerations, individuals who are gifted do not earn the respective gifts. Neither do they deserve them. They are merely given sovereignty and freely by the Almighty God. They are not rewards and therefore everybody is entitled to them. Also worth appreciating is the recognition that all gifts are charismatic in nature. Put differently, all of these are given by God through the Holy Spirit. Based on the preceding explanation, it is certain that humans do not posses these gifts. They can be revoked at any time when God through the Holy Spirit feels that an individual is not using them as expected. They act as an ideal channel that the Holy Spirit uses to minister to the church. Christians in this sense are just instruments that are moulded to fit the spiritual expectations. In order to receive these gifts, the respective human soul needs to exhibit willingness. Only then can they be able to effectively utilize the gifts in line with the Godly expectations. An important characteristic of these gifts pertains to the recognition that they are closely related to natural abilities of an individual. Yet they also have a miraculous characteristic. This distinguishes them from the ‘normal’ abilities that the Christians have. To ensure optimal performance however, one is gifted with a gift that is closely related to his or her natural ability2. The gifts of the Hol y Spirit are for today. They are relevant to the church settings and used by the Christians to benefit themselves as well as the entire church. They can only be recognized and utilized when they are needed. Seemingly, some of the gifts of the Holy Spirit such as apostolic and the gifts of signs have ceased. To a great extent, this is attributable to the recognition that they are no longer needed by the church. The Gifts of the Holy Spirit Apostleship This gift is classified under the leadership category of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. According to Gangel, an apostle is a messenger who is sent by God with orders to deliver to a specific population3. An apostle is delegated authority by God through the Holy Spirit to represent Him in especially a foreign land. Biblically, apostles were the very initial leaders of the Christian church. They were commissioned by Jesus Christ to preach the gospel and ensure that is spreads to the entire globe. In this respect, apostles were a

Chapter 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 8 - Assignment Example dictates a manufacturing plant’s materials handling equipment, such as loading and unloading equipment and the design of the receiving and shipping docks. An order-management methodology that encourages maximum consolidation of shipments between common points enables a company to give larger shipments to its carriers and take advantage of volume discounts. Customer service goals influence the type and quality of carrier and carrier service selected by the seller Transport infrastructure such as roads, ports and airports is indispensable for a country economic activity, and is characterized such that its appropriate provision justifies or calls for involvement of the public sectors. There are three principles on the question of who should bear the costs of a large-scale facility such as transport infrastructure: the user pay principle, the indirect beneficiary pay principle and public financing. Institutional arrangements for developing transport infrastructure include public corporations, special budget account and private finance initiative (PFI), which tap private sector resources. Transport infrastructure such as harbors, airports, roads are usually provided with some form of public involvement within a variety of institutional frameworks. The globalization of the world economy means that an increasing number of shipment are being transported between multiple countries. Inland water transport is relatively inexpensive to user. At one time inland water was consider to be the least expensive form of transportation when compared to rail and motor carrier transportation. On a ton mile basis, rail cost approximately twice as high as inland water carriers, whereas truck cost are approximately 20 times higher then inland water carrier. Although inland water carriers tends to focus on lower bulk commodities that can be handle by mechanical means such as pump, scoop, and conveyor, many different kind of product can be carried. Other product that move extensively

Marketing Strategy of Olpers Milk

Marketing Strategy of Olpers Milk Engro Foods (Pvt.) Limited (EFL) was established in 2005 as part of a huge diversification process at the Engro Group. Engro Group itself is one of the leading business corporation with high ventures in the fertilizer, food, power, generation, petrochemicals, automation and terminal storage industries. Engro wanted to setup a latest fertilization plant but due to certain restrictions from the government was not able to expand in the fertilization field. There, the organization decided to invest into a new market. Olpers Milk, companys first brand was launched in 2006 in major cities of Pakistan simultaneously so that product gains popularity and visibility together. By this information, we got the idea of launching a processed milk that will fulfill all the needs of a household related to the use of milk. The plan, in a very brief way describes what segments the company is going to target, how and what strategies to take on to achieve a brand position and make maximum profits. The plan also points out the strengths, weaknesses that accounts to internal factors that can affect a product and opportunities and threats, which are the external factors disturbing the product Current Marketing Situation Marketing research is an important step when a new product is to be launched into market especially for an organization with no experience in the field. There are numerous risks associated with the new product. so to reduce the risks, research is a very important step towards the launch. The research uncovered that the food industry held the maximum promise and profits if on right track. The statistics show that Pakistan is the third largest milk producing country in the world, with urban consumption of about 7 billion liters annually. There is an overall growth in the PLM sector due to awareness in health and hygiene, this coupled with an increasing dissatisfaction with the loose milk from the local doodhwala. In Punjab loose milk costs between Rs. 46 and Rs. 50 while tetra packed milk costs around 75, same is the case is in Sindh where the price difference between the fresh milk and packed milk is around 20. These are a few problems which have to be solved in order to penetrate the market to the full extent. Market description The milk sector consists of the consumers that have standardized preferences. All consumers that drink either fresh or processed milk have homogeneous and similar preferences and wants. Keeping these things in mind, it is very difficult for a new company to take on a challenge of producing on a large scale, distributing it extremely effectively and massively promoting. The preferences that the consumers want are nearly similar according to the survey. The inclination towards particular qualities milk should attain are, the milk should be white, milk should not smell, hygienically processed and is good for health and bones. Keeping these preferences Engro Foods introduced two more products besides Olpers milk: Olwell diet and Olpers cream As previously mentioned, the preferences of all the consumers demanding or wanting milk are the same. So segmentation is really a problem for the Engro Group but the preferences differ for a few consumers that prefer skimmed milk. The segmentation was done according to demographics, psychographics and behavior. Market segmentation Demographics generally refers to the age, sex and to which life cycle stage an individual or group of people comes under. There are many products which are affected by the demographics of the customers. but Olpers milk is not affected by these boundaries and limits. This product is produced for all potential buyers and users from higher or middle class families. The research suggested that the lower class families have a different attitude towards the processed milk. All the companies and groups in the milking sector are trying to change the image of the packed milk. Due to this image of the processed milk, even though not wanting to be, Olpers milk will gain an image where it will look, it is made for a special social class Psychographic in marketing refers to the personality, brand consciousness, lifestyles and values of people. Some people are more goal-oriented and passionate about their goals. As Olpers milk and Olwell both focus on a person being physically and mentally fit, so people will look upon this as a brand and will be expecting benefits which the marketers have described. Behavioral factors include on which behavioral aspects are involved when segmenting the market. As mentioned above the company has divided its market into three totally different segments according to how people respond on different stimuli. This segmentation is done on a basis that people want milk that can be used as a tea whitener so obviously the color of the milk does matter a lot. Secondly, customers want a product which they can use for all purposes, not solely for a single use. Marketers of this firm have to keep in mind that they have to compete with opponents such as Nestle and Haleeb which are in this department for a period longer than Olpers and they attain many loyal customers who will prefer the their respective brand respectively. Product Review different packaging of all the three products: Olpers milk, Olwell and Olpers cream Marketers have decided to position it as a product that can be used for all purposes that the fresh milk does UHT heated processor, that means high quality of milk 6 layers of tetra pack for extra cleanliness and protecting the preserved milk from bacteria and germs 3 months of shelf life, that means that storage of milk, or consumers can buy cartons of milk without worrying that the milk will get useless. Milk that attains all the nutrients which the fresh milk has. A product that helps weight conscious people to loose weight Helping all users to have a chance to have healthy and strong bones Olpers cream specifically tackles people who are addicted to desserts and meetha. This product can be used in desserts and cake icings and etc. Competitive review Competition is very severe in the milking sector. Although there are only a few major competition in this sector but the competition is increasing very rapidly. The major contestants which the marketers of this company will have to study and research upon are Nestle and Haleeb, both of which have grasped enough experience in this field and have acquired many brand loyal customers Nestle The market leader in this milking market is Nestle, which is producing and selling its product with the name Milkpak since 1981. They introduced the concept of processed milk and established the concept of tetra pack milk in Pakistan. This was pretty well perceived by majority in Pakistan and a synonym was attached to the Milkpak as quality milk. The company has got vast experience and is tracking growth strategies. They have got a secure financial background so they will be willing to invest both in promoting and advertising if needed. They have targeted their market to areas restricted to near proximity to urban areas and are targeting people having a middle or high social class. They have always served the milking sector up to their capacity. The product is unique due to the addition of irons, vitamins A and C in the milk. Haleeb Milk Haleeb foods was established in 1986, just after the initiation of Milkpak from Nestle. Haleeb foods is serving this country for the past 27years and have been quite successful in doing so. They were quite a competition for nestle when they launched haleeb milk in 1986, but somehow or the other they were unable to make that sort of a image that the Milkpak achieved in early 80s Haleeb milk is said to be homogenized that means that all the nutrients and minerals are spread equally in a single carton. They have pure UHT standardized milk, with 6 layered packing with a shelf life of 3 months or so. Anhaar Milk Anhaar fresh milk just turned into the milking market recently. They have entered market with a different aspect of processed milk. They turn down the idea of UHT standardized milk because according to their research UHT heated milk looses its original nutrient and minerals. Along with this the UHT heated milk lessens the advantages and over stresses the immune system This milk has a shelf life of only 3 to 4 days. They milk cow daily and the fresh milk is provided to the market soon after the milking process. Pure milk exhibits healthy digestive systems, healthy skin nails and hair, reduces chances of cancer, prevents diabetes and lowers cholesterol levels, controls blood pressure and improves immunity. So according to this firm they are providing all this to the end consumers. This can be a turnover in the milking market from UHT plant to providing farm fresh milk. Taraang milk Taraang milk joined this market to target low class families. Their main objective is to provide this class with a milk that doubles the taste and smell of tea. They have taken their way to attract people by celebrities dancing and fascinating advertisements rather than letting consumers know of how their product is different than the existing products in the market SWOT analysis Strengths Engro food is being backed up by the Engro group financially and by experience also Relationship with the farmers, as farmers are the suppliers of the milk to Engro foods Third generation plant Strong consumer and product research Positive response from the users Weaknesses Packaging low quality milk distribution milk collection centers narrow brand portfolio Olwell quite liberal ads according to our culture Opportunities Government funding for development of this sector ever increasing growth in the consumers of processed milk third largest producer of the processed milk Threats immense competition price difference Consumer behavior and perception Objectives and issues First year objective The objectives for the period starting from the launch till the end of the first year include attracting customers, changing consumers perception of processed milk, making this product a brand. Second year objective End of the second year objectives will include regular customers, with brand loyal customers as well, and break evening the production costs as well as the plant costs. Issues These objectives will be a lot difficult to achieve if the marketing department fails to promote and advertise the product to the optimum level. If the first year objectives are not met than it will be approximately impossible to get through with the second year objectives Marketing Strategy As marketing strategy means to make strategies that are customer driven and implementing them through programs and awareness programs. This way new customers will be attracted, and will help the company to make profits and help the company build profitable customer relationships. The marketers will set a position of Olpers milk according to uniqueness of the product. The marketers of this company will target middle to high social class that want a product that is as useful as its perceived value. Positioning The red color that has been chosen for the packaging of Olpers milk is quite eye-catching and distinctive than the colors that have been used in Pakistan in the milking sector till now. The product will be positioned in a way that it conveys the message that it will fulfill all the purposes of a consumer that the fresh milk does. Olwell will be positioned in a way that it will target people who are goal-oriented and focus on their careers. This will also exhibit a image that this will help people remain fit and in the same shape without worrying for the fat contents in the regular milk Product strategy Olpers milk along with the Olwell will include all the features and core values that have been mentioned so as to receive maximum consumer satisfaction. More will be given than promised so as to achieve customer delight. A massive advertisement campaign with Olpers logo on every bill board, ads and newspapers. Every marketing campaign will be utilized in order to let people know of the new product. There will be many below the line activities including free tea using Olpers milk will be provided to the potential buyers at major departmental stores for testing purposes, so that people know what type of product they will be using. Pricing strategy We would be adopting competitive pricing strategy for all the products; Olpers milk, Olwell, Olpers cream. In this type of pricing strategy, the prices of the competitors are studied and the products prices will be determined by this. As the price of Milkpak is around 70 Rs, we will introduce our milk with a price slightly lower than this and then gradually increasing it. Distribution Strategy Olpers milk will be launched in many major cities, and will number around twenty. Olpers milk will be distributed to over 80 cities very effectively in a short period of time after launch, because it is very difficult to launch a product in more than 25 cities simultaneously. The distribution strategy includes division of the country into five major regions. These regions will be Lahore, Karachi, Multan, Islamabad and Peshawar. This requires efficient transport facilities as well as warehouses and storages in different cities for the effective distribution. Trained personals will be hired who will be having an experience of at least two years in the distribution field. The dependence on technology for the distribution is necessary so new technology will be used to monitor the storages, warehouses etc. In order to attract distributors with experience a fixed commission rate of 5% will be set, that will be not be negotiable in order to avoid future fights and hassle. Sales targets will be set twice every month after discussing the market situations with the distributors. Incentives, bonuses, increments, and training will be provided to the distributors and staff for further improvement in the distribution field. Marketing research In the marketing research that we conducted after the launch of the product included interviews, questionnaires and surveys. This will enable us to improve our product and further diversify in the food field itself. The questionnaire was distributed to the customers at the local shops and departmental stores. 250 questionnaires and 50 interviews will be studied to evaluate customer satisfaction and what customers need and expect from our product. According to the survey, we found out that people between 28 to 50 use milk in tea, at the breakfast table, and youngsters drink milk when studying or going to school

John Locke :: Empiricists, Empiricism

Property cannot be made secure by natural right alone, and for the better securing of their properties men have entered into civil society. The will of the body politic, when formed, is determined by the will of the majority, and of a bare majority if there be no different express agreement. For this Locke does not give any reason but the necessity of the case; it is certain that much worse ones have been given. As a matter of fact, we now know that a majority vote has not been generally recognized in archaic societies; the difficulty of obtaining nominal unanimity was overcome (as in special cases it still has to be) by various methods, including varying elements of force and fiction. This does not apply to the original agreement to form a society, which is assumed to be unanimous, and includes only the actual parties to it. Any one who stands out may go his ways and provide for himself elsewhere. It would seem that the community is entitled to enforce his departure; it is certain, on Locke's principles, that it has not the right to detain him against his will. Could he agree to stay in an inferior capacity like that of a resident alien? But it is needless to pursue the auxiliary fictions which might be devised. A body politic, then, is formed by consent; the essential term of the agreement is that every member gives up his natural judicial and executive power to the community (not, as Hobbes maintains, to an irresponsible sovereign); and this consent is renewed, tacitly if not expressly, in the person of every new member; for one cannot accept the benefit of a settled government except on those terms on which it is offered. Locke is bold to assert that 'a child is born a subject of no country or government,' and may choose his allegiance for himself at the age of discretion: this is another opinion which no modern lawyer